Mindfulness in the form of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), a tailored six-week mindfulness program, can lead to improvements
in some physical and psychological symptoms that breast cancer survivors often experience,
according to a new study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
‘Although not all patients suffer to a
high degree from these distressing symptoms, research shows that due to
treatment and long-term effects often patients experience depression, anxiety,
sleep disturbances, fears of recurrence (FORs) and physical symptoms of pain
and fatigue,’ said lead author Professor Cecile A Lengacher [pictured below] of
the University of South Florida College of Nursing in Tampa, Florida.
When breast cancer survivors
transition off of treatment and experience physical symptoms, they may worry
that it’s a sign of cancer recurrence and be at a higher risk for anxiety and
depression, Dr Lengacher told Reuters Health by email.
The researchers tested the effects of
a MBSR program and examined whether any particular types of patient seemed to
benefit most from the therapy. For the study, researchers compared 155 breast
cancer survivors who completed a six-week MBSR program with 167 survivors who
received usual care. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, fear of cancer
recurrence, fatigue, pain and quality of life were all measured before the
study began, after the six-week program ended and another six weeks later.
Women in the mindfulness program
attended two-hour sessions conducted by a clinical psychologist once weekly and
received training manuals and CDs. They practiced four meditation techniques,
including sitting, walking, body scan and Hatha yoga and learned how to apply
them in daily life.
The researchers kept track of how many
sessions each participant attended and how much of the assigned 15 to 45
minutes of at-home practice per day each completed, based on their diaries.
For the MBSR group, the largest
mindfulness-related improvements happened during the first six weeks and most
were maintained at 12 weeks. They experienced a greater reduction in anxiety,
fear of recurrence and fatigue compared to those in the control group, although
the improvements were small to moderate.
There was no meaningful difference for
depression scores or pain levels, according to the results.
Mindfulness practice helps patients
learn how to self-regulate their emotions by acceptance and non-reacting to
internal and external cues and experiences, reducing reactions to emotional and
physical triggers, and learning to be in the present, which diminishes the
distress of worrying about the past or future, Dr Lengacher said.
‘Also, this trial showed that those
patients with the most stress had the highest benefit from this trial,
indicating the importance of screening patients for distress,’ Dr Lengacher
said.
Survivors of other types of cancer
also suffer from varying symptoms depending on type and stage of cancer, she
said.
Study: Lengacher, C A et al. ‘Examination of Broad Symptom Improvement Resulting From Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.’ May 31, 201610.1200/JCO.2015.65.7874JCO May 31, 2016 JCO657874.
Acknowledgment: Reuters Health. Doyle, K. ‘Mindfulness program may reduce fear, fatigue for cancer survivors.’ Life |
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